White Paper on Attorneys 2010

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Part 1
Current Situation of Attorneys and Other Legal Professions

Chapter 1　Current Situation of Attorneys

I.	Population of Attorneys	1
	1.　Changes in the Number of Attorneys -1950 to 2010-	1
	2.　The Number of People per Attorney	2
Ⅱ.	The Number of Civil and Family Cases per Attorney	3
Ⅲ.	Working Hours and Incomes	4
	1.　Working Hours of Attorneys (Average per Week)	4
	2.　Income of Attorneys (Income based on Final Return Forms of March 2010)	4

Chapter 2　Populations of Legal Professionals in Foreign Countries

I.	Comparison of the Total Number of Lawyers, Judges, and Public Prosecutors with those of Foreign Countries	5
	1.　The Number of People per Lawyer (Cross-country Comparison)	5
	2.　The Number of People per Judge (Cross-country Comparison)	6
	3.　The Number of People per Public Prosecutor (Cross-country Comparison)	7
	4.　The Number of People per Legal Professional (Cross-country Comparison)	8

Chapter 3　Current Situation of Gaikokuho-jimu-bengoshi ("Registered Foreign Lawyers")

Ⅰ.	Changes in the Number of Gaikokuho-jimu-bengoshi	11
Ⅱ.	Registration of Gaikokuho Jimu Bengoshi (Registered Foreign Lawyers)	12
Ⅲ.	Foreign Law Joint Enterprises	13
Ⅳ.	The Number of Foreign Lawyers Employed by Attorneys and Legal Professional Corporations	15
	1.　By Nationality	15
	2.　By Home Jurisdiction	16
Ⅴ.	World Law Firms and Their Entry into the Japanese Market	17

Chapter 4　Mergers of Law Offices and the Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations

Ⅰ.	The Number of Attorneys in Law Offices	18
Ⅱ.	Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations	20
	1.　Number of LPCs	20
	2.　Size of Legal Professional Corporations	21

Chapter 5　Populations of Other Legal Professions

Ⅰ.	Changes in Populations of Other Legal Professions		22

Part 2
Activities of Attorneys

Chapter 1　Criminal Advocacy Activities

Section 1 Activities of Court-Appointed Attorneys		23
Ⅰ.	Court-Appointed Attorney System, Court-Appointed Attorney Contracts, and the Number of Defendants with Court-Appointed Attorneys	23
Ⅱ.	Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at District Courts	24
Ⅲ.	Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at Summary Courts	25
Ⅳ.	Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at High Courts	26
Section 2.　Activities of Duty Attorneys (Toban Bengoshi)		27
Ⅰ.	Duty Attorney System	27
Ⅱ.	Changes in the Number of Duty Attorney Accepted Cases, Appointed Cases, and Criminal Suspect Defense Aid Cases	28
Section 3.　Defense Activities in Juvenile Cases		29
Ⅰ.	Changes in the Number of Juvenile Probation Cases (at Family Courts) and the Presence of Attendants	29

Chapter 2　Representation in Civil and Other Lawsuits

Section 1 Civil and Commercial Lawsuits		30
Ⅰ.	Attorneys' Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before District Courts	30
Ⅱ.	Changes in the Percentage of Appointed Attorneys in Ordinary Second Instances (before High Courts)	31
Ⅲ.	Percentage of Attorneys' Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before Summary Courts	32

Chapter 3　Expansion of Attorneys' Activities

Ⅰ.	Current Situation of In-house Attorneys	33
	1.　Changes in the Number of In-house Attorneys	33
	2.　Public Officers with Fixed Terms	34
	3.　Diet Member and Head of Local Governments Registered as Attorney	34
Ⅱ.	Working Conditions for In-house Attorneys	35
	1.　Annual Incomes of In-house Attorneys	35
	2.　Salary Systems for Attorneys	35
	3.　Bar Membership Dues	35
Ⅲ.	Appointment of Attorneys as Judges and Public Prosecutors	36
	1.　Attorneys as Full-Time Judges	36
	2.　Attorneys as Part-Time Judges	36
Ⅳ.	Activities of Attorneys in Local Governments	37
	1.　Employment of Staff Members with Attorney Qualifications	37
	(1)　Current Employment of Persons with Attorney Qualifications	37
	(2)　Future Employment Plans	37
	(3)　Obstacles in Employing Attorneys (multiple answers allowed)	37
	2.　Legal Advisory Attorneys	38
	(1)　Retaining Legal Advisory Attorneys	38

Part 3
Activities of the JFBA and Local Bar Associations

Chapter 1　The JFBA's Activities involving Human Rights Relief

Ⅰ.	Appeal System Procedures for Human Rights Relief		39
Ⅱ.	The Number of Human Rights Relief Cases (by Category)		41

Chapter 2　International Activities of the JFBA

Section 1 International Human Rights Activities		43
Ⅰ.	Activities at the United Nations (UN)	43
Ⅱ.	Reports to UN Human Rights Bodies	43
Ⅲ.	Activities related to the Universal Periodic Review (UPR)	44
Section 2 International Exchange Activities		44
Ⅰ.	Membership of International Organizations	44
Ⅱ.	MOUs with Overseas Bar Organizations	44
Section 3.　International Cooperation		46
Ⅰ.	JICA Long-Term Experts	46
Ⅱ.	Past and Current JFBA Assistance Projects for Bar Associations in Developing Countries (by Country)	48
Section 4.　Overseas Visiting Fellow Program and Support for Working in International Organizations		49
Ⅰ.	JFBA Overseas Visiting Fellow Program	49
Ⅱ.	Support for JFBA Members Interested in Working in International Organizations	52
Ⅲ.	Other Support	52

Chapter 3　Autonomy of Attorneys

Section 1 Complaints and Dispute Conciliations		53
Ⅰ.	Complaints against Attorneys	53
Ⅱ.	Dispute Conciliation	54
	1.　Number of Dispute Conciliation Cases Newly Received	54
	2.　Handling of Dispute Conciliation Cases (All Bar Associations) – 2000 to 2009 –	55
Section 2 Disciplinary System for Attorneys		56
Ⅰ.	Summary of the Disciplinary System for Attorneys	56
	1.　Request for Discipline	56
	2.　Investigation by Disciplinary Enforcement Committee	56
	3.　Examination by Disciplinary Actions Committee	56
	4.　Filing of an Objection, etc.	57
	5.　Public Notice by the Official Gazette, etc.	57
Ⅱ.	Operation of the Disciplinary System	58
	1.　Cases Handled by Disciplinary Enforcement Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA	58
	(1)　Bar Associations	58
	(2)　JFBA	58
	2.　Processing Cases at Disciplinary Actions Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA	59
	(1)　Bar Associations	59
	(2)　JFBA	59
	(i)　Objections	59
	(ii)　Appeals	59
	3.　Processing Cases at the JFBA Board of Discipline Review	60
Section 3.　Disciplinary Actions and Disciplinary Procedure		61
Ⅰ.	Statistics Regarding Disciplinary Actions	61
	1.　Changes in the Number of Newly Accepted Requests for Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations) – 1993 to 2009 –	61
	2.　Number of Requests for Disciplinary Action and Details of Handling the Requests (All Bar Associations)	62
	3.　Percentage of Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations)	63
	(1)　Percentage of Cases with Disciplinary Actions out of All Requests for Disciplinary Actions	63
	(2)　Change in Percentage of Members with Disciplinary Actions	63
Ⅱ.	The Flow and Current Situation of Disciplinary Procedure	64
	1.　The Disciplinary System	64

White Paper on Attorneys 2010

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