White Paper on Attorneys 2022
Special Feature: Making Interrogations Transparent – Current State & Challenges
Chapter 1. Introduction...2
1.1 | Introduction |
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1.2 | Overview of the JFBA’s Efforts and Developments Initiated by the Government and Others |
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1.3 | Significance of Making Interrogations Transparent |
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Chapter 2. Current Status of Implementation of Making Interrogations Transparent...4
2.1 | Current Status of Implementation of Audio and Video Recording of Interrogations by Public Prosecutors |
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2.1.1 Four Categories of Cases |
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2.1.2 Scope of Pilot Full-recording |
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2.2 | Current Status of Implementation of Audio and Video Recording of Interrogations by Police |
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2.2.1 Scope of Implementation |
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2.2.2 Three Characteristics of Implementation by Police |
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2.3 | Suspect’s Notes |
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2.4 | Interviews of Representatives |
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Chapter 3. Conclusion…14
Part 1. Legal Profession Statistics
Chapter 1. Attorney Demographics…16
1.1 | The Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Attorney Population |
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1.2 | Attorney Population by Age Group |
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Chapter 2. Legal Profession Demographics…19
2.1 | Number of Law School Applicants and Enrollment |
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2.2 | Statistics for Successful Examinees in Bar Examination |
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2.2.1 Pass Rate of Bar Examination |
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2.2.2 Demographics of the Preliminary Examination for the Bar Examination |
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2.3 | Number of Apprentices Who Completed the Legal Apprenticeship Training by Career Path |
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2.4 | Change in the Number of Judges, Prosecutors, and Attorneys over Time |
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2.5 |
Gender Ratio of Law School Students, Bar Examination, Preliminary Bar Examination, and Those Who Completed the Legal Apprenticeship Training |
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2.6 | Number of Attorneys in Japan Compared to Other Countries |
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2.7 | Change in Other Legal Profession Populations over Time |
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Chapter 3. Mergers of Law Firms and Statistics of Legal Professional Corporations …32
3.1 | Law Firm Size |
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3.2 | Legal Professional Corporation Statistics |
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3.2.1 Number of Legal Professional Corporations |
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3.2.2 Size of Legal Professional Corporations |
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Chapter 4. Facts about Registered Foreign Lawyers (Gaikokuho-Jimu-Bengoshi)
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4.1 | Change in the Number of Registered Foreign Lawyers over Time |
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4.2 | Registration of Registered Foreign Lawyers |
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4.3 | Status of Alliances in the Form of Foreign Law Joint Enterprises |
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4.4 | Incorporations of Registered Foreign Lawyer Corporations (Gaikokuho Jimu Bengoshi Hojin) |
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Employment Status of Attorneys Hired by Registered Foreign Lawyers or Registered Foreign |
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4.6 | Number of Foreign Lawyers Employed by Attorneys and LPCs |
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4.6.1 By Nationality |
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4.6.2 By Jurisdiction Where the Attorney’s License was Obtained |
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Part 2. Activities of Attorneys
Chapter 1. Criminal Advocacy Activities…46
1.1 | Duty Attorney (Toban Bengoshi) and Court-Appointed Defense Counsel Systems for Suspects |
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1.1.1Outline of Duty Attorney (Toban Bengoshi) and Court-Appointed Defense Counsel System for Suspects |
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1.1.2 Current Situation of the Duty Attorney (Toban Bengoshi) System |
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1.1.3 Changes in the Number of Duty Attorney Requested Cases, Appointed Cases, and Criminal Suspect Defense Aid Cases |
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1.1.4 Public Defense System Available Prior to Institution of Prosecution |
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1.1.4.1 Operation Status of Court-Appointed Defense Counsel System for Suspects |
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1.1.4.2 Permission or Rejection for Detention Requests |
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1.2 | Status of Defense Attorneys’ Involvement in Overall Criminal Cases |
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1.2.1 Status of Court-Appointed Defense Counsel Contracts and the Number of Defendants with Court-Appointed Defense Counsel |
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1.2.2 Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Institution of Prosecution) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at District Courts |
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1.2.3 Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Institution of Prosecution) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at Summary Courts |
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1.2.4 Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Institution of Prosecution) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at High Courts |
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1.3 | Defense Activities in Juvenile Cases |
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1.4 | The Lay Judge System |
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1.4.1 Cases Determined by Lay Judges |
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1.4.2 Actual Practice of Lay Judge Trials |
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1.4.2.1 Number of Persons Who Have Been Subjected to Saiban-in (Lay Judges) Trials that Have Been Disposed of |
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1.4.2.2 Comparison of the Average Period Taken for Court Deliberations and the Average Period of the Pretrial Conference Procedure (by confession and denial), etc. |
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Chapter 2. Activities in Civil and Other Lawsuits…60
2.1 | Civil Lawsuits |
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2.1.1 Attorneys’ Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits at District Courts |
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2.1.2 Attorneys’ Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits at Summary Courts |
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2.1.3Changes in the Percentage of Appointed Attorneys in Ordinary Second Instance Trials (at High Courts) |
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2.1.4 Labor Tribunal Cases |
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(1) Number of Labor Tribunal Cases Newly Accepted by and Concluded at District Courts |
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(2) Status of Appointing Agents in Labor Tribunal Proceedings at District Courts |
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2.2 | Supporting Activities for Criminal Victims |
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2.3 | JFBA Support Activities for Affected People in Relation to the Great East Japan Earthquake |
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2.3.1 Recommendations, etc. the JFBA has Issued in Response to Disasters |
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Chapter 3. Expansion of Attorneys' Activities…68
3.1 | Current Situation of In-house Attorneys |
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3.1.1 Changes in the Number of In-house Attorneys |
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3.1.2 Situation of Public Officers with Fixed Terms |
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3.2 | Diet Members and Head of Local Governments Registered as Attorneys |
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Part 3. Activities of the JFBA and Local Bar Associations
Chapter 1. Autonomy of Attorneys…74
1.1 | Complaints and Dispute Conciliations |
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1.1.1 Complaints against Attorneys |
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1.1.2 Dispute Conciliation |
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(1) Number of Dispute Conciliation Cases Newly Received |
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(2) Handling of Dispute Conciliation Cases (All Bar Associations) |
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1.2 | Disciplinary System for Attorneys and its Operation |
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1.2.1 Summary of the Disciplinary System for Attorneys |
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(1) Request for Discipline |
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(2) Investigation by Disciplinary Enforcement Committee |
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(3) Examination by Disciplinary Actions Committee |
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(4) Filing of an Objection, etc. |
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(5) Public Notice by the Official Gazette, etc. |
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1.2.2 Statistics Regarding Disciplinary Action |
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(1) Changes in the Number of Newly Accepted Requests for Disciplinary Action (All Bar Associations) |
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(2) Details of Handling of the Requests for Disciplinary Action (All Bar Associations) |
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(3) Ratio of Disciplinary Action (All Bar Associations) |
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1.2.3. Operation of the Disciplinary System |
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(1) Cases Handled by Disciplinary Enforcement Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA |
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(2) Cases Handled by Disciplinary Actions Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA |
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(3) Cases Handled by the JFBA Board of Discipline Review |
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1.2.4 The Flow and Current Situation of Disciplinary Procedure |
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Chapter 2. The JFBA's Activities involving Human Rights Redress…87
2.1 | The Operation of the Human Rights Redress System |
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2.1.1 Procedures for Human Rights Redress System |
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2.1.2 Number of Human Rights Redress Cases (by Category) |
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2.2 | Current Situation Regarding Retrial Cases Supported by the JFBA |
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2.2.1 Retrial Cases Supported by the JFBA |
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2.2.2 Achievement by the JFBA for its Support on Retrial Request Cases |
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Chapter 3. International Activities of the JFBA…93
3.1 | International Human Rights Activities |
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3.1.1 Activities at the United Nations (UN) and International Conferences |
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3.1.2 Activities Related to the UN Human Rights Bodies and the UPR |
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3.2 | International Cooperation |
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3.2.1 Past and Current JFBA Assistance Projects for Bar Associations in Developing Countries (by Country) |
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3.2.2 JICA Long-Term Experts Achievement |
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3.3 | International Exchange Activities |
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3.3.1 Membership of International Organization |
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3.3.2 Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) Signed between the JFBA and Overseas Bar Organizations |
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3.3.3 MOUs Signed between Local Bar Associations and Overseas Bar Organizations |
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3.4 | Overseas Visiting Scholar Program |
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3.4.1 JFBA Visiting Scholar Program |
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3.4.2 Past Visiting Scholars |
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3.5 | Support for Career Development in International Public Service |
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3.5.1 Implementation of Various Seminars and Events |
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3.5.2 Support System for Career Development in International Public Service |
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3.5.3 Implementation of Judicial Apprentice Training and Internships at the Offices of International Organizations in Japan |
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3.6 | Promotion of International Practice by Attorneys |
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3.6.1 JFBA’s Activities to Promote International Practice by Attorneys |
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3.6.2 Attorney Referral System for Japanese SMEs Going Overseas |
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Chapter 4. Other Activities...109
4.1 Legal Expenses Insurance (Right Protection Insurance) System |
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Part 4. Comprehensive Legal Support
Chapter 1. Japan Legal Support Center (Ho-terasu)…112
1.1 | Scope of Operations of Ho-terasu |
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1.2 | Support Operations Entrusted by the JFBA |
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