White Paper on Attorneys 2014
Feature 1
Attorneys and Protection of the Rights of the Child
Attorneys and Protection of the Rights of the Child
Chapter 1 Increasing Attorneys’ Roles … 1
I. | The Children’s Representative System | 1 | |
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1. Outline of the Children’s Representative System | 1 | ||
2. Attorneys as Children’s Representatives | 1 | ||
(1) The Necessity and Roles of Children’s Representatives | 1 |
Chapter 2 Defense Activities in Juvenile Cases … 2
I. | Changes in the Number of Juvenile Probation Cases (at Family Courts) and the Proportion of Cases in which Attendants are Present | 3 |
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Feature 2
Disaster Reconstruction and the Role of Attorneys
Disaster Reconstruction and the Role of Attorneys
Chapter 1 Footsteps of the JFBA and other Japanese Bar Associations in Assisting in Disaster Recovery … 4
I. | Process of the JFBA’s Disaster Recovery Support Activities | 4 | |
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1. The Eruption of Mt. Unzen-Fugen | 4 | ||
2. The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake | 4 | ||
3. The Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake and Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake | 5 | ||
4. The Great East Japan Earthquake | 5 |
Chapter 2 JFBA Activities for the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant Accident … 7
I. | Report on JFBA Support Activities | 7 | |
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1. Main Activities in relation to Support for Affected People | |||
(i) Legal Consultations | 7 | ||
(ii) Legislative Proposal Activities | 7 | ||
(iii) Activities for Relief for Victims of the Nuclear Power Plant Accident | 7 | ||
(iv) Regarding the Reconstruction of Victims’ Lives | 8 |
Part 1
Current Situation of Attorneys and Other Legal Professions
Current Situation of Attorneys and Other Legal Professions
Chapter 1 Population of Attorneys … 11
I. | The Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Number of Attorneys | 11 | |
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II. | Constitution According to Age | 13 |
Chapter 2 The Number of Populations relating to Legal Professionals … 14
I. | The Status of the Number of Applicants for Law Schools and Enrollment of People | 14 | |
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II. | The Status of Successful Bar Examination Candidates | 15 | |
1. Pass Rate of New Bar Examination | 15 | ||
III. | The Number of Legal Apprentices who Have Completed Legal Training per Chosen Profession | 17 | |
IV. | Comparison of the Total Number of Lawyers, Judges, and Public Prosecutors with those of Foreign Countries | 19 | |
1. The Number of People per Lawyer (Cross-country Comparison) | 19 | ||
2. The Number of People per Judge (Cross-country Comparison) | 20 | ||
3. The Number of People per Public Prosecutor (Cross-country Comparison) | 21 | ||
4. The Number of People per Legal Professional (Cross-country Comparison) | 22 | ||
V. | Changes in Populations of Other Legal Professions | 25 |
Chapter 3 Mergers of Law Offices and the Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations … 26
I. | The Number of Attorneys in Law Offices | 26 | |
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II. | Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations | 28 | |
1.The Number of LPCs | 28 | ||
2.Size of Legal Professional Corporations | 29 |
Chapter 4 Current Situation of Gaikokuho-Jimu-Bengoshi ("Registered Foreign Lawyers") … 30
I. | Changes in the Number of Gaikokuho-Jimu-Bengoshi | 30 | |
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II. | Registration of Gaikokuho-Jimu-Bengoshi (Registered Foreign Lawyers) | 31 | |
III. | Situations regarding Alliances with Foreign Law Joint Enterprises | 32 | |
IV. | The Number of Foreign Lawyers Employed by Attorneys and Legal Professional Corporations | 34 | |
1.By Nationality | 34 | ||
2.By Home Jurisdiction | 35 | ||
V. | World Law Firms and Their Entry into the Japanese Market | 36 |
Part 2
Activities of Attorneys
Activities of Attorneys
Chapter 1 Criminal Advocacy Activities … 37
Section 1 Duty Attorney and Court-Appointed Attorney Systems | 37 | ||
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I. | Outline of Duty Attorney and Court-Appointed Attorney Systems | 37 | |
II. | Current Situations of Duty Attorneys (Toban Bengoshi) | 38 | |
III. | Changes in the Number of Duty Attorney Requested Cases, Appointed Cass and Criminal Suspect Defense Aid Cases | 39 | |
Section 2 The Status of Defense Attorneys Involvement in the Overall Criminal Cases | 40 | ||
I. | The Status of Court-Appointed Attorney Contracts and the Number of Defendants with Court-Appointed Attorneys | 40 | |
II. | Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at District Courts | 41 | |
III. | Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at Summary Courts | 41 | |
IV. | Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at High Courts | 42 | |
Section 3 The Lay Judge System | 43 | ||
I. | Cases Determined by Lay Judges | 43 | |
II. | Actual Practice of Lay Judge Trials | 45 | |
1. The Number of Persons Who Have Been Subjected to Saiban-in (Lay Judges) Trials and Have Been Finalized | 45 | ||
2. Comparison of the Average Period Taken for Court Deliberations and the Average Period of the Pretrial Conference Procedure (by confession and denial), etc. | 46 |
Chapter 2 Activities in Civil and Other Lawsuits … 49
Section 1 Civil Lawsuits | 49 | ||
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I. | Attorneys’ Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before District Courts | 49 | |
II. | Attorneys’ Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before Summary Courts | 51 | |
III. | Changes in the Percentage of Appointed Attorneys in Ordinary Second Instance Trials (before High Courts) | 52 | |
Chapter 3 Expansion of Attorneys’ Activities | 53 | ||
I. | Current Situation of In-house Attorneys | 53 | |
1. Changes in the Number of In-house Attorneys | 53 | ||
2. Public Officers with Fixed Terms | 54 | ||
II. | Diet Members and Head of Local Governments Registered as Attorneys | 55 |
Part 3
Activities of the JFBA and Local Bar Associations
Activities of the JFBA and Local Bar Associations
Chapter 1 Autonomy of Attorneys … 56
Section 1 Complaints and Dispute Conciliations | 56 | ||
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I. | Complaints against Attorneys | 56 | |
II. | Dispute Conciliation | 57 | |
1. Number of Dispute Conciliation Cases Newly Received | 57 | ||
2. Handling of Dispute Conciliation Cases (All Bar Associations) | 57 | ||
Section 2 Disciplinary System for Attorneys and its Operation | 58 | ||
I. | Summary of the Disciplinary System for Attorneys | 58 | |
1. Request for Discipline | 58 | ||
2. Investigation by Disciplinary Enforcement Committee | 58 | ||
3. Examination by Disciplinary Actions Committee | 58 | ||
4. Filing of an Objection, etc. | 58 | ||
5. Public Notice by the Official Gazette, etc. | 59 | ||
II. | Statistics Regarding Disciplinary Actions | 61 | |
1. Changes in the Number of Newly Accepted Requests for Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations) | 61 | ||
2. Number of Requests for Disciplinary Action and Details of Handling the Requests (All Bar Associations) | 62 | ||
3. Percentage of Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations) | 63 | ||
(1) Percentages of Cases with Disciplinary Actions out of All Requests for Disciplinary Actions | 63 | ||
(2) Changes in Percentage of Members with Disciplinary Actions | 63 | ||
III. | Operation of the Disciplinary System | 64 | |
1. Cases Handled by Disciplinary Enforcement Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA | 64 | ||
(1) Bar Associations | 64 | ||
(2) JFBA | 64 | ||
2. Processing Cases at Disciplinary Actions Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA | 65 | ||
(1) Bar Associations | 65 | ||
(2) JFBA | 65 | ||
i. Objections | 65 | ||
ii. Appeals | 65 | ||
3. Processing Cases at the JFBA Board of Discipline Review | 66 | ||
IV. | The Flow and Current Situation of Disciplinary Procedure | 67 |
Chapter 2 The JFBA's Activities involving Human Rights Redress … 68
Section 1 The Operation of the Human Rights Redress System | 68 | ||
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I. | Procedures for Human Rights Redress System | 68 | |
II. | The Number of Human Rights Redress Cases (by Category) | 70 | |
Section 2 Current Situations regarding the Retrial Request Cases Supported by the JFBA | 71 | ||
I. | Current Retrial Request Cases Supported by the JFBA | 71 | |
II. | Achievement by the JFBA for its Support on Retrial Request Cases | 71 |
Chapter 3 International Activities of the JFBA … 73
Section 1 International Human Rights Activities | 74 | ||
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I. | Activities at the United Nations (UN) | 74 | |
II. | Activities Related to the UN and UN Human Rights Bodies | 74 | |
Section 2 International Exchange Activities | 75 | ||
I. | Membership of International Organizations | 75 | |
II. | MOUs with Overseas Bar Organizations | 75 | |
Section 3 International Cooperation | 77 | ||
I. | JICA Long-Term Experts Achievement | 77 | |
II. | Past and Current JFBA Assistance Projects for Bar Associations in Developing Countries (by Country) | 79 | |
Section 4 Overseas Visiting Fellow Program and Support for Working in International Organizations | 81 | ||
I. | JFBA Overseas Visiting Fellow Program | 81 | |
II. | Past Overseas Visiting Fellows | 81 | |
Section 5 Support for Working in International Organizations | 83 | ||
I. | Support for JFBA Members Interested in Working in International Organizations | 83 | |
II. | Other Support | 83 |
Part 4
Comprehensive Legal Support and Judiciary-Related Budget
Comprehensive Legal Support and Judiciary-Related Budget
Chapter 1 Japan Legal Support Center (Ho-terasu) … 84
Section 1 Outline of the Japan Legal Support Center (Ho-terasu) | 84 | ||
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I. | Ho-terasu | 84 | |
II. | Scope of Operations of Ho-terasu) | 84 | |
III. | Entrusted Support Operations | 85 | |
1. Support Operations Entrusted by the JFBA | 85 |