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| Contents |
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| I. |
General Measures of Implementation |
 1 |
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Introduction |
2 |
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A. |
Reservation and Declaration |
3 |
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B. |
Enactment of New Laws and Amendments of Existing Legislation |
4 |
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C. |
Status of the Convention in terms of Domestic Laws |
6 |
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D. |
Remedial Measures to Be Applied When the Rights of the Child Are Infringed |
10 |
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E. |
Policy Coordination Organization |
12 |
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F. |
Implementation of Measures to Protect Children's Economic, Social Cultural Rights to the Maximum Extent of Available Resources |
15 |
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G. |
Education for Civil Servants, etc. Involved in Children concerning the Convention |
16 |
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| III. |
General Principles |
17 |
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A. |
Non-Discrimination |
17 |
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B. |
Best Interests of the Child |
22 |
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C. |
Right to Life, Survival and Development |
31 |
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D. |
Children's Right to Express Their Views |
37 |
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| IV. |
Civil Rights and Freedoms |
43 |
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A. |
Rights to Be Registered and Acquire a Nationality (Article 7) |
43 |
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B. |
Right to Preserve His or Her Identity (Article 8) |
52 |
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C. |
Freedom of Expression (Article 13) |
56 |
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D. |
Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion (Article 14) |
60 |
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E. |
Freedom of Association and Peaceful Assembly (Article 15) |
64 |
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F. |
Protection of Private Life (Article 16) |
65 |
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G. |
Appropriate Access to Information (Article 17) |
69 |
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H. |
Right Not to Be Tortured or Suffer Any Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Article 37 (a)) |
73 |
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| V. |
Family Environment and Alternative Child Care |
78 |
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A. |
Parental Direction and Guidance (Article 5) and Parental Responsibilities (Articles 1, 2 and 18) |
78 |
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B. |
Child Deprived of His or Her Family Environment (Article 20) |
80 |
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C. |
Abuse of Children |
89 |
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D. |
Inter-Country Adoption (Article 21) |
97 |
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E. |
Recovery of Maintenance from Abroad (Article 27, Paragraph 4) |
101 |
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F. |
Cross-Border Child Abduction (Articles 11, 35) |
104 |
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| VI. |
Basic Health and Welfare |
106 |
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A. |
Children with Disabilities |
106 |
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B. |
Services Provided for Social Security and Child-Rearing |
139 |
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| VII. |
Education, Leisure and Cultural Activities (Articles 28, 29, 31) |
144 |
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A. |
The Present State of Japan's Education and its Educational System |
144 |
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B. |
Corporal Punishment |
158 |
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C. |
Bullying |
162 |
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D. |
School Non-Attendance and Withdrawal |
167 |
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E. |
Disciplinary Measures at School |
171 |
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F. |
School Regulations |
173 |
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G. |
Content of School Education, etc |
175 |
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H. |
Educating Non-Japanese Students |
179 |
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| VIII. |
Special Protection Measures |
192 |
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A. |
Juvenile Justice |
192 |
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B. |
Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse |
217 |
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C. |
Child Refugee |
222 |
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D. |
Illegal Child Immigrants |
224 |
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